Correction: Effects of sociodemographic and health factors on the self-management of non-communicable diseases among Chilean adults during the Covid-19 pandemic.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000763.].

Effects of sociodemographic and health factors on the self-management of non-communicable diseases among Chilean adults during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are potentially at increased vulnerability during the Covid-19 pandemic and require additional help to reduce risk. Self-management is one effective strategy and this study investigated the effect of sociodemographic and health factors on the self-management of some non-communicable diseases, namely hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, among Chilean adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional telephone survey was carried out on 910 participants with NCDs, from Santiago, Chile. An adapted and validated version of the "Partners in Health" scale was used to measure self-management. Exploratory Factor analysis yielded five dimensions of this scale: Disease Knowledge, Healthcare Team Relationship, General Self-Management and Daily Routines, Drug Access and Intake, and Monitoring and Decision-Making. The average of these dimensions was calculated to create a new variable Self-Management Mean, which was used as a dependent variable together with the five separate dimensions. Independent variables included age, gender, years of schooling, number of diseases, the percentage of Multidimensional Poverty Index in the commune of residence, and self-rated health status. Beta regressions and ANOVA for the Beta regression residuals were utilized for analyses. Beta regression model explained 8.1% of the variance in Self-Management Mean. Age, years of schooling, number of diseases and self-rated health status were statistically associated with Self-Management Mean and dimensions related to daily routines and health decision making, such as Disease Knowledge, General Self-Management and Daily Routines, and Monitoring and Decision-Making. Gender and the percentage of Multidimensional Poverty Index in the commune of residence were insignificant. Strategies for self-management of NCDs during a crisis should consider age, years of schooling, number of diseases, and self-rated health status in their design.

¿Es efectiva la entrevista motivacional individual en la malnutrición por exceso? Una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Is the individual motivational interviewing effective in overweight and obesity treatment? A systematic review

Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional (EM) individual en el tratamiento ambulatorio de la malnutrición por exceso. Diseño: Revisión sistemática de literatura con protocolo registrado en PROSPERO con N.° CDR42017058814. Fuentes de datos: EBSCO-CINAHL, Pubmed, Scielo, PsycINFO de 2010 a 2017. Selección de estudios: Se incluyeron estudios con participantes adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad, pertenecientes a estudios aleatorizados controlados y caso-control con EM individual y presencial, con resultados primarios, secundarios o intermedios, incluyendo cambios de composición corporal (peso o IMC). Se incluyeron estudios en inglés o español, con texto disponible y publicados en revistas con revisión de pares. Extracción de datos: Las variables principales fueron antropométricas, conductuales, psicosociales u otras variables de efecto de la EM, además de aquellas variables descriptivas de la intervención. Resultados: Once artículos fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Existe una gran variabilidad entre los estudios respecto a población, tipo de intervención y tiempo de seguimiento. En la mayoría se expresó algún efecto en la reducción de peso corporal, con un máximo de 7 kg en el grupo que recibió la intervención. Se aprecian variaciones en variables mediadoras psicosociales y metabólicas en los estudios. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones individuales de EM tienen un efecto modesto sobre la variación del peso corporal, pero podrían tener buenos resultados en variables conductuales, psicosociales y otras. Más estudios son necesarios para dilucidar la mejor forma de aplicación de EM para tener efectividad en distintas variables. Es aquí donde la atención primaria de salud presenta ventajas para generar investigación en esta estrategia

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of individual motivational interviewing (MI) in the ambulatory treatment of the overweight and obese. Design: The protocol of this systematic review is registered in PROSPERO N° CDR42017058814. Databases: EBSCO-CINAHL, Pubmed, Scielo, PsycoINFO from 2010 to 2017. Study selection: We included studies with overweight and obese adult participants, randomized trial and case control studies, with MI being applied individually and face to face, with primary or secondary results in changes in body composition (weight or BMI), published in English or Spanish, with available text and in peer-reviewed journals. Data extraction: We obtained anthropometric, behavioral, psychosocial, and other variables as effects of MI. In addition, we collected descriptive variables of the interventions. Results: Eleven articles were included in this revision. There is a great variability between the studies in terms of population, kind of intervention, and time of follow-up. In most of them, some effect was observed in reducing bodyweight, reaching a maximum of 7 kg in the group that received the MI. There are positive variations in psychosocial and metabolic variables in the studies. Conclusions: Individual MI interventions have a modest effect on the variation of bodyweight, and could have a positive impact on behavioral, psychosocial, and other variables. More studies are needed to elucidate the best form of MI application with regard to effectiveness on different variables. The primary healthcare system is in an advantageous position for generating fruitful research on this motivational strategy

[Is the individual motivational interviewing effective in overweight and obesity treatment? A systematic review]. / ¿Es efectiva la entrevista motivacional individual en la malnutrición por exceso? Una revisión sistemática de la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of individual motivational interviewing (MI) in the ambulatory treatment of the overweight and obese. DESIGN: The protocol of this systematic review is registered in PROSPERO N° CDR42017058814. DATABASES: EBSCO-CINAHL, Pubmed, Scielo, PsycoINFO from 2010 to 2017. STUDY SELECTION: We included studies with overweight and obese adult participants, randomized trial and case control studies, with MI being applied individually and face to face, with primary or secondary results in changes in body composition (weight or BMI), published in English or Spanish, with available text and in peer-reviewed journals. DATA EXTRACTION: We obtained anthropometric, behavioral, psychosocial, and other variables as effects of MI. In addition, we collected descriptive variables of the interventions. RESULTS: Eleven articles were included in this revision. There is a great variability between the studies in terms of population, kind of intervention, and time of follow-up. In most of them, some effect was observed in reducing bodyweight, reaching a maximum of 7kg in the group that received the MI. There are positive variations in psychosocial and metabolic variables in the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Individual MI interventions have a modest effect on the variation of bodyweight, and could have a positive impact on behavioral, psychosocial, and other variables. More studies are needed to elucidate the best form of MI application with regard to effectiveness on different variables. The primary healthcare system is in an advantageous position for generating fruitful research on this motivational strategy.